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NBC Correspondent Richard Engel Tells Terrifying Story Of Being Kidnapped In Syria

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In December NBC chief foreign correspondent Richard Engel and five others were kidnapped in Syria and held for five days by loyalists of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad.

In the newest issue of Vanity Fair, Engel details the harrowing experience in a diary of the abduction.

Engel tells how his crew entered Syria from Turkey with a Free Syrian Army (FSA) commander to see four Iranian and two Lebanese fighters the FSA had captured — only to be kidnapped by Assad loyalists who wanted to trade the journalists for the foreign fighters.

While captive, Engel had to think fast to stay alive. Fearing torture, he thought to himself:

They’ll waterboard us now. They’ll drop electric cables into the tub as I’m standing in it. How much torture do I take before I break? Do I break right away? Do I break as soon as they whip off the blindfold and I’m looking at a tray of dental tools?

Another time he thought:

If I speak Arabic, I look like a C.I.A. agent. If I’m an agent, so is Ghazi. If Ghazi and I speak Arabic, why do we need Mustafa? They’ll discover him. He’ll be executed. We’ll be separated. God, I don’t want to be separated.

Engel was freed unharmed after five days in captivity. The veteran reporter is already back up and running with insightful coverage of Israel last week.

Check out Richard Engel's account of the kidnapping >

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Without International Support, Syrian Rebels Are Losing The Cyber War Against Assad

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Cyber Warfare

On Syria’s digital battlefield, hackers loyal to Syrian PresidentBashar al-Assad are defeating the rebels' cyber militias.

Just as the Syrian opposition leans on the West to supply weapons and other military aid, rebel hackers depend on the international community to help bolster their tactics.

But even as the conflict reaches new stages of violence – more than 70,000 people have been killed so far – support among international hacker communities is waning.

Last year, rebels enjoyed massive support from international hacker collectives like Anonymous, which launched several attacks on the Assad government. Early in 2012, Anonymous said it accessed several regime email accounts, including an account belonging to the Syrian president. Anonymous renewed their pledge to support Syrian hackers last November as the Assad regime threatened to shut down internet access across the country.

But after several arrests and convictions, Anonymous’ OpSyria seems to have ground to a halt. Without wider international support, Assad's Syrian Electronic Army’s dominion in the Syrian internet war is all but unchallenged.

In recent weeks, the Syrian Electronic Army has launched a number of successful campaigns, seizing control of social media accounts belonging to a broad range of news organizations and nonprofit foundations. The Syrian Electronic Army says western news organizations are outlets for Syrian rebel propaganda.

On Thursday, the Syrian Electronic Army continued their string of high profile hacks when they took control of several BBC Twitter feeds, including @BBCWeather, @BBCArabicOnline and @BBCRadioUlster. 

“The Syrian Electronic Army Hacked Today BBC Network accounts on Twitter and that came in response to what BBC practiced of lies and fabrication of news and in addition to the bias to the bloody opposition...,” read a statement from the Syrian Electronic Army, which claimed responsibility for the security breach. 

Last week, the Syrian Electronic Army also gained access to an administrator account for Human Right Watch, calling the organization’s report that Assad is using cluster munitions “false."

This year alone, the Syrian Electronic Army hacked social media platforms used by the Qatar Foundation, France 24, Deutsche Welle, AFP and Sky News. 

The Syrian rebels are partly hamstrung by a lack of electricity and technology. Their numbers, too, have been depleted as Assad forces make arrests, aided by the work of the Syrian Electronic Army, which tracks dissent on Facebook.

To protect their ranks, rebel hackers are breaking into their allies’ Facebook accounts to remove anti-regime media.

"We replaced the flag of the revolution with pornography," rebel hacker Ahmed Heider told NPR. "Like pictures, you know, to keep the investigator busy."

As the toll of the fighting ravages Syrian infrastructure, anti-regime hackers are struggling to stay active on the digital front in Syria’s civil war. Heider, a member of a rebel hacker collective known as Pirates of Aleppo, is now living in Turkey.

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How CIA-Aided Arms Shipments To Syria Keep Ending Up In Radical Hands

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In a new report detailing how the CIA helps Arab states buy and transfer arms for Syrian rebels, C. J. Chivers and Eric Schmitt of The New York Times reveal a major flaw in the West's strategy to arm non-radical Syrian rebels.

A commander of Ahrar Al Sham — one of the largest Islamist militias in Syria — told the Times that the American intelligence officers vetting rebels to determine who should receive the weapons are doing a poor job.

There are fake Free Syrian Army brigades claiming to be revolutionaries, and when they get the weapons they sell them in trade,” the commander told the Times.

In March Blogger Eliot Higgins (aka Brown Moses) — who originally discovered an influx of Croatian weapons in southern Syria noticed that the Saudi-purchased weapons turning up in the hands of jihadists all over the country.

In some way this makes sense given that radical groups like Jabhat al-Nusra are the best and most organized rebel fighters — they are the opposition's best chance to topple Bashar al-Assad, and they are flush with cash to boot. 

Hardliners receiving the lion's share of weapons isn't a new problem. As far back as October Middle East and U.S. officials told the Times that most of the weapons being sent from Saudi Arabia and Qatar to Syrian rebels were going to hard-line Islamic jihadists as opposed to secular-leaning rebels.

The opposition groups that are receiving the most of the lethal aid are exactly the ones we don’t want to have it,” one American official familiar with the situation told the New York Times.

The CIA is currently part of Western effort to "influence which groups dominate in post-Assad Syria" by feeding select rebels actionable intelligence. But the persistent failure to funnel weapons to the "right" rebels, along with the increasing dominance of radical groups, make up the biggest hitch in that plan.

SEE ALSO: CIA Feeding Intel To Friendlier Syrian Rebels To Counter Jihadists

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Video Of Boy Holding Gun To Hafez Assad Statue Exemplifies The New Syria

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Syrian video extraordinaire Eliot Higgins aka Brown Moses— the man who first noticed Croatian weapons in Syria — tweeted this video of a young Syrian boy holding a gun to a statue of former Syrian ruler Hafez al-Assad in Aleppo.

Besides being oddly mesmerizing to watch the boy repeatedly take his finger off the trigger only to put it back on again — Higgins says the boy "has terrible trigger discipline"— the video represents how much Syria has changed since before its revolution began in March 2011.

As Karl Sharro details in the Syria Deeply post "He Provided Them with Bananas,"Syrian people lived with a "deep sense of shame"for decades because they had to "submit to an all-knowing authority, one that cannot be questioned."

From Sharro:

It was the lack of possibility, the closed doors of the future. It was the bureaucratic machine that reduced every citizen to a robot and then treated him or her accordingly.

The video below flips that script as a boy no older than 5 or 6 has a gun in the mouth of a statue of the man who ruled Syria with an iron fist for three decades, Hafez al-Assad. Hafez later passed the reins to his son and current president Bashar.

No matter what becomes of the country — Al Qaeda-linked jihadist group Jabhat al Nusra controls the rebel-held half of Aleppo — it's clear that "there will be no return to the old ways," as Sharro notes. "After all the sacrifices, the people of Syria won’t go back to living with their shame."

SEE ALSO: The Oldest City In Human History Is On The Verge Of Being Ravaged By War

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US Army Veteran Arrested For Fighting With Al-Qaeda In Syria

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A U.S. Army veteran has been arrested and charged with conspiring with al-Qaeda to fight the Syrian regime, The Associated Press reports.

Eric Harroun of Phoenix was charged Thursday in federal court in northern Virginia with "conspiring to use a  a weapon of mass destruction outside of the U.S.," an offense which carries a maximum penalty of life in prison.

Harroun allegedly joined fighters with Jabhat al-Nusra— a highly effective rebel force deemed to be terrorists by the U.S. — in January and used rocket-propelled grenades in fighting(, which is apparently considered a weapon of mass destruction).

From the release:

The affidavit alleges that Harroun was trained to use an RPG by members of the terrorist organization ... Harroun allegedly participated in attacks led by the al-Nusrah Front and was part of an RPG team, for which he carried anti-personnel and anti-armor rockets.

AP notes that Harroun claimed credit for downing a Syrian helicopter on his Facebook page.

Here's a video featuring Harroun and a downed Syrian Army helicopter:

SEE ALSO: US Vet Fighting With Syrian Rebels Got Full Disability Pay, His Dad Says

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Damascus Is 'Totally Exposed From The South' After Rebels Take Key Towns

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In an unusual outburst broadcast live on state television, a member of Syria's government said that rebels have seized large parts of the country's southern Daraa province, Agence France-Presse reports.

"Syria is ... plunged in total war," Walid al-Zohbi, an MP from the southern province of Daraa, told parliament. "This is also happening in all towns and villages in Daraa, which is torn from east to west after the army withdrew from many positions ... terrorists from al-Nusra Front have taken their place."

Rebels are closing in on Daraa City, which is where the uprising first took root in March 2011 after teenagers were arrested for scrawling the Arab spring mantra "The people want the regime to fall" on a wall.

Hundreds of local men subsequently chanted "There is no fear, there is no fear, after today there is no fear!" in the street while government buildings burned and provincial security forces opened fire on marchers, killing five.

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Now rebels have captured Dael, a key town located on a main highway linking Damascus and the south, as acknowledged by Zohbi.

"From the south, we are totally exposed," he said. "There are people who send reports claiming the Daraa highway has been secured, but it's not true."

Some MPs tried to silence Zohbi as he spoke on live TV, but he kept speaking. "The area stretching from Khirbet Ghazaleh to the border crossing is under the control of armed groups," he added.

James Miller of EA Worldview notes that if Dael is held by the rebels, they "can push into the northern districts of the provincial capital [of Daraa City]" on their way to Damascus.

"The idea is that the rebels now have the necessary means to advance from different fronts — north from Turkey and south from Jordan — to close in on Damascus to unseat Assad," a military official told The Associated Press.

The Croatian weapons-fueled gains near the Jordanian border, which is about 60 miles from Damascus, certainly bolster the rebel advance on the capital — the downtown of which has been shelled more intensely in recent weeks.

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America May Start Drone Strikes In Two More 'Non-Battlefield' Countries

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iraq soldierIraqi officials requested U.S. drones strikes near their border after al-Qaeda-linked jihadists ambushed a Syrian convoy in Iraq earlier this month, Qassim Abdul-Zahra and Diaa Hadid of the Associated Press report.

The CIA is already collecting intelligence on the same militants in Syria for possible drone strikes, U.S. officials recently toldKen Dilanian and Brian Bennett of the Los Angeles Times.

Micah Zenko, a research fellow at the Council of Foreign Relations, writes that "President Obama should also ask himself if the United States wants to open up a fifth front in its campaign of non-battlefield targeted killings, outside of Pakistan, Yemen, Somalia, and The Philippines."

Syria would make that six. And as far as the U.S. State Department is concerned, the extremists on the border fall under the umbrella of al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), including those who killed 48 Syrian soldiers and eight Iraqis as well as the dominant Syrian rebel group Jabhat al-Nusra.

The LA Times notes that CIA targeting officers for Syria "have formed a unit with colleagues who were tracking Al Qaeda operatives and fighters in Iraq."

Two Iraqi intelligence officials told the AP that the jihadi groups are sharing temporary military training camps in desert valleys along the 375-mile Syrian-Iraqi border, adding that militants in Syria were increasingly crossing into Iraq.

"For these guys," one regional security analyst told the AP, "the border between Iraq and Syria is not even a real thing."

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Deemed terrorists by the State Department, Jabhat al-Nusracontrols much of northeast Syria, including the city of al Raqqa, which is the sixth largest city in Syria and the first to fall into rebel hands.

The convoy attack seemingly confirmed the sharing of logistics, intelligence, and weapons between the groups.

A U.S. official official told the AP that the U.S. was waiting to respond to Iraq until the top level of Iraqi leadership makes a formal request.

A former CIA officer who worked in Iraq put it another way to the LA times:

"If we do this, why don't we start droning people in [the Iran-backed Lebanese militant group] Hezbollah? It opens the door for a lot of other things."

SEE ALSO: CIA Effort In Iraq Places US Spooks On Syria's Three Largest Borders

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Iran Reportedly Teaching Syrian Militias Guerrilla Warfare

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The Syrian regime of Bashar al-Assad is sending members of its militias for guerrilla combat training at a secret base in Iran, Reuters reports based on interviews with four trainees.

There are currently at least 50,000 militiamen — known as Jaysh al-Sha‘bia (i.e. "People's Army")— and Iran aims to increase the force to 100,000.

There are also an unknown number of Lebanon-based Hezbollah militants and Iranian fighters using Iranian and Russian weapons.

Trainees said most of the men are from Assad's Alawite sect and are flown from Latakia air base in Assad's homeland to Tehran International Airport before being bussed to an undisclosed location.

Some of the militias — previously known as Shabbiha or "ghost" and accused of some of the worst atrocities of the war — have rebranded themselves as the "National Defense Army."

The trainees said some trained as guerrilla ground forces with automatic rifles and mounted anti-aircraft guns while others trained as snipers.

"It was an urban warfare course that lasted 15 days,"one trainee told Reuters. "The trainers said it's the same course Hezbollah operatives normally do"

In August a member of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard toldThe Wall Street Journal that "fighting for Syria is an integral part of keeping the Shiite Crescent intact," referring to the geographical link between Shiites in power from Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon.

Earlier this month Major General Aviv Kochavi, the head of Israeli military intelligence, said that "Iran and Hezbollah are preparing for the day after Assad's fall, when they will use this army to protect their assets and interests in Syria."

"There were some groups from Hezbollah training at the same base but there was no communication between our groups,"Sameer, another militiaman from Homs, told Reuters. "They did their thing, and we did ours. I think their training was tougher than ours."

SEE ALSO: Damascus Is 'Totally Exposed From The South' After Rebels Take Key Towns

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Syrian President Assad: There Will Be Contagion

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Syrian President Bashar al-Assad has warned that the fall of his regime would destabilise the region "for many years," as US President Barack Obama announced talks with Middle East allies over the crisis.

"The whole world knows that if Syria is partitioned, or if terrorist forces take control of the country, there will be direct contagion of the surrounding countries," Assad said in an interview with two Turkish media outlets, video of which was posted on his Facebook page Friday.

"Then there would be a domino effect on countries perhaps far from the Middle East, to the west, east, north and south. This would mean instability for many years, even decades."

With ongoing battles between rebels and regime forces and a deepening humanitarian crisis, the White House announced Friday that Obama would host regional leaders from Jordan, Turkey, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates in the coming weeks to discuss the situation, now in its third year.

The US administration said Obama would meet with Jordan's King Abdullah II on April 26, and with Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan on May 16.

Turkey and Jordan have strongly backed the two-year-old revolt against Assad, and both countries host large numbers of Syrian refugees.

Assad slammed the Turkish premier in the interview, conducted earlier this week, accusing Ankara of "contributing directly to the killing of the Syrian people".

In extracts published on Wednesday, Assad accused Erdogan of not having said "a single word of truth since the beginning of the crisis in Syria".

"The fire in Syria will spread to Turkey, unfortunately (Erdogan) doesn't see this reality," he said.

"Erdogan is working with Israel to destroy Syria... but the Syrian state has not fallen and the Syrian people have resisted.

"We cannot allow idiot, immature leaders to destroy relations (between the Turks and the Arabs)."

Damascus has regularly accused Ankara of financing, training and arming rebels fighting troops loyal to Assad. The United Nations says Turkey currently hosts more than 260,000 Syrian refugees.

In other excerpts posted earlier this week, the Syrian strongman also lashed out at the Arab League and its decision to hand Syria's seat to the opposition.

"The Arab League lacks legitimacy. It's a League that represents the Arab states, not the Arab people, so it can't grant or retract legitimacy.

"Real legitimacy is not accorded by organisations or foreign officials or other country... legitimacy is that which is granted by the people."

Obama's round of talks will also include Crown Prince Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahayan of the United Arab Emirates on April 16, and Qatar's emir, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani on April 23.

The White House also announced that Syria will top the agenda at an Oval Office meetup between Obama and UN Secretary Ban Ki-moon on April 11.

Obama plans to express "his gratitude for the many sacrifices United Nations personnel have made to protect vulnerable populations and to deliver aid to those most in need", a statement said.

The dangers of working in war-torn Syria were again in evidence late Friday as Italian media reported the abduction in the north of four Italian journalists.

The Italian authorities said they had been monitoring the case from the start but called for "maximum discretion", insisting that "the physical safety of the hostages remains the absolute priority", the ANSA news agency reported.

The La Repubblica website said the abducted were three freelance journalists and one reporter working for the Italian public broadcaster RAI, who were kidnapped "by a rebel group" while out filming.

The UN says more than 70,000 people have been killed in a spiralling war that broke out in March 2011 after the army unleashed a crackdown on a peaceful revolt which morphed into an armed uprising.

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Syrian Exports Are Almost Nonexistent

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Syria suffered in 2012 an unprecedented decline in foreign trade, with exports falling by nearly 100 percent from a year earlier, according to an official study published in a newspaper on Sunday.

The study, published in pro-regime daily Al-Watan, showed "the dramatic impact caused by the current crisis" on foreign trade.

The value of Syria's exports registered in the year 2012 dropped to a mere $185 million, a decline of 97.4 percent on the $7.21 billion registered in 2011. In 2010 exports were valued at $11.35 billion.

The study attributed the massive fall-off to "the large-scale destruction of the country's infrastructure and industrial supplies, causing many enterprises to stop functioning".

Imports also suffered an unprecedented sharp decline of 78.4 percent in 2012, dropping to a value of just $3.58 billion from $16.57 billion a year earlier.

The study blamed "the important role" played by international sanctions for the decline in foreign trade, which had pumped up the trade deficit and weakened the national currency.

Other factors cited by Al-Watan that contributed to the drop were the fact that international sanctions had been slapped on an array of government officials, making it impossible for many countries to do business with Syria.

The European Union and the United States have imposed sanctions targeting government officials besides imposing an embargo on trade in arms, an oil exports embargo and a ban on banking transactions to punish the Syrian regime's crackdown on a revolt that broke out in March 2011.

The Arab League also imposed a round of sanctions on Damascus, which froze trade transactions with the regime and exports into Arab countries.

These sanctions also banned Syrian officials from travelling in the region, and prohibited the country's airliner from operating flights to and from member countries.

Syria is meanwhile suffering a food and oil crisis, and the UN has regularly denounced difficulties in providing aid to the country's population, particularly in areas most affected by violence.

SEE ALSO: The Oldest City In Human History Is On The Verge Of Being Ravaged By War

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US Army Vet Who Fought With Al-Qaeda In Syria May Face Death Penalty

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Eric Harroun, the U.S. Army veteran who allegedly fought with al-Qaeda-affiliated Syrian rebels, has been denied bail and could face the death penalty.

Prosecutors told a Virginia court that Harroun, 30, could face execution if his actions are found to have resulted in anyone's death, BBC reports.

According to a Department of Justice press release, in January Harroun participated in attacks led by the Jabhat al-Nusra— a highly effective rebel force deemed a terrorist organization by the U.S. — and was part of a small-arms rocket team, "for which he carried anti-personnel and anti-armor rockets."

On Tuesday the leader of Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) confirmed that Nusra — which seeks to establish an Islamic state in Syria — is part of its network.

“It's now time to declare in front of the people of the Levant and [the] world that the al-Nusra Front is but an extension of the Islamic State in Iraq and part of it," the SITE monitoring service quoted AQI chief Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi as saying in an audio speech.

The groups will now operate under the name the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant.

Mr. Harroun allegedly told the FBI he had shot 10 people in Syria while fighting with Nusra but was not sure if he had killed anyone. He also claimed credit for downing a Syrian helicopter on his Facebook page.

Public defender Geremy Kamens argued that it is "extremely unusual for the U.S. to charge a person who is fighting in a manner that is aligned with US interests," noting that the U.S. has said that Syrian President Bashar al-Assad must go.

Here's a video featuring Harroun and a downed Syrian Army helicopter:

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Al-Qaeda In Iraq Announces Merger With Notorious Syrian Rebel Group

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nusra syriaOn Monday the Iraqi wing of al-Qaeda announced that it will merge with Jabhat al-Nusra — a highly effective Syrian rebel force deemed a terrorist organization by the U.S. — and operate under the title the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS).

The merger came after "al-Qaeda Central" leader Ayman al-Zawahiri released a video calling for unification of the jihad in Syria as they attempt to create a new Islamic Caliphate.

Although the influence of al-Qaeda on Nusra has been known for months, Aaron Zelin at The Washington Institute explains that the timing of the announcement shows that al-Qaeda's central leadership in Pakistan "is still relevant to the global jihad that it originally called for in 1998."

Furthermore Zelin writes that al-Qaeda's Central may have actually ordered the establishment of al-Nusra. There are several indications that al-Nusra was founded around the end of July 2011, which coincides with Zawahiri's first video related to the Syrian uprising on July 27, 2011.

In any case, the merger creates a major headache for the West. Al-Nusra are the Syrian opposition's best and most organized fighters, and they also govern villages and parts of cities — including half of Aleppo— in northern and eastern Syria.

No wonder the CIA has expanded its support of non-islamist Syrian rebels, placed itself on at least three of Syria's borders, and is collecting intelligence on al-Qaeda-linked militants in Syria for possible drone strikes.

Given the dominance of Nusra and other islamist groups, the secular Syrian rebels and their Western backers have their work cut out for them.

SEE ALSO: US Army Vet Who Fought With Al-Qaeda In Syria May Face Death Penalty

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The West Has 'Hard Evidence' That Assad Used Chemical Weapons In Syria

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Western nations have "hard evidence" that chemical weapons have been used at least once by the Syrian army, diplomats told Agence France-Presse.

"In one case we have hard evidence," a western diplomat said. "There are several examples where we are quite sure that shells with chemicals have been used in a very sporadic way."

A diplomat from a UN Security Council nation told AFP said that UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has received "quite convincing" to back accusations against Assad's forces.

Evidence of a chemical attack by Syrian President Bashar al-Assad would cross President Obama's "Red Line," — which he said would force America to shift its military position — but their doesn't seem to be any significant international response.

AFP notes that Britain and France have submitted information to the UN about allegations in the city of Homs in December and near Damascus last month.

On December 23 there were multiple reports the Homs attack, and doctors belonging to Syrian American Medical Society (SAMS) subsequently corroborated the claims when they described a "probable" use of what chemical specialists refer to as Agent-15 (known as BZ to NATO).

The following week "Western intelligence sources" told Ynet News that chemical weapons have been used no more than 19 times.

Assad called for the UN to look into the chemical weapons used near Aleppo last month, but refused to let international experts into the country after learning that the UN wanted to investigate other claims as well.

At this point, the international community may well be just as concerned with the increasing power of al-Qaeda-linked Syrian rebels than toppling of Assad.

Concerns about the type of post-Assad situation that is arising — such as jihadists governing towns and half of Aleppo — may be making the West hesitate about intervening militarily despite mounting evidence that Assad has used chemical weapons.

SEE ALSO: It's Highly Unlikely The 2 Alleged Chemical Attacks In Syria Came From Rebels

SEE ALSO: The Oldest City In Human History Is On The Verge Of Being Ravaged By War

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Assad's Killing Of Syrian Civilians Has Reached Barbaric Proportions

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Syrian President Bashar al-Assad has been ruthlessly bombing towns under opposition control since July.

This week two report details, for the first time, the stunning extent of the indiscriminate death from above.

An investigation by Human Rights Watch (HRW) found the Syrian Air Force "has repeatedly carried out indiscriminate, and in some cases deliberate, air strikes against civilians."

HRW's 80-page report draws from visits to 50 sites of government air strikes in opposition-controlled areas in Aleppo, Idlib, and Latakia governorates as well as more than 140 interviews with witnesses and victims. The researchers believe that more than 4,000 civilians have been killed by aerial attacks.

Ole Solvang of Human Rights Watch told EA Worldview that in "virtually all cases we documented the strikes did not hit any legitimate targets."

While armed rebels have also been found to commit war crimes during the two-year conflict, many of the perpetrators in those instances are foreign jihadists, not Syrians like Assad, and they don't have airplanes.

Documentarian Olly Lambert went to a village of al Bara in the Idlib province. He was the only journalist around for miles. As he was interviewing a Syrian rebel leader, a regime airstrike hit 300 meters from where he was standing. He kept the cameras rolling and the next 30 minutes show the grim reality that many civilians face.

Here's what Lambert says near the end:

"I haven't watched this footage through in its entirety for a few months now. The thing that stays with me is this sort of other worldliness of it. It really was like stepping into some weird concrete nightmare. Nothing makes sense. Nothing is clear."

Here's Lambert's report from al-Bara (WARNING: GRAPHIC):

And there's no doubt the bombing campaign is a calculated tactic.

"The air force is extremely important for Assad right now," said Joseph Holliday, a Syria analyst at the Washington-based Institute for the Study of War, told The Associated Press. "It has allowed Assad to prevent rebels from establishing a part of Syria where people can be safe and the opposition can focus on governing the place."

Last year Assad decided to pull troops from non-significant areas only to bomb bread lines and force the population to live under rebel rule without basic necessities in the hopes of turning civilians against militant rebels.

"The aim of the airstrikes appears to be to terrorize civilians from the air, particularly in the opposition-controlled areas where they would otherwise be fairly safe from any effects of fighting," Solvang told the AP.

Assad's troops have carried out massacres in other ways as well. Defected Syrian soldiers have told"grisly stories of how their units executed unarmed civilians for demonstrating against the Assad regime."

This week, after rebels captured ground in the southern province of Daraa, government forces launched an all-out assault on two towns in the area. At least 57 people were killed, some in cold blood.

Furthermore, Western nations have "hard evidence" that the Syrian army has deployed chemical weapons have been used at least once. At least six people died in an apparent chemical attack in Homs in December.

The evidence against Assad goes as far as suggesting that he staged a massacre for political gain. On March 21 international news agencies reported that a "large explosion killed at least 42 people inside a central Damascus mosque." The regime said that the blast, which killed pro-Assad cleric Mohammad al-Bouti, was the work of a suicide bomber.

But this week a video of that attack surfaced showing small explosion in front of Bouti (who died in the aftermath), which has Syrian journalists such as Hassan Hassan wondering:

How were the 40-plus people killed? The bomb could not have killed the other people, as even the people sitting less than a meter away from him were hardly affected. Why, then, has the regime insisted it was a suicide bombing that killed the cleric? ... Activists have alleged that many of those who died were shot at a point-blank range

The evidence is piling up in the form of civilians corpses. Notwithstanding heinous acts committed by extremist rebels, it's becoming harder to give Assad the benefit of the doubt.

Here's a video describing the HRW report (WARNING: GRAPHIC):

SEE ALSO: The West Has 'Hard Evidence' That Assad Used Chemical Weapons In Syria

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Bashar al-Assad Is Finally Getting The Sectarian War He Always Wanted

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syria little boyThe Orontes River valley is known as "the breadbasket of Syria." Its lush, fertile plains stretch some 30 miles through rural Idlib and Hama provinces, fed by a river whose banks have been the peaceful home to the country's range of religions and ethnicities for generations.

But today, the Orontes river divides two warring sides, and marks a new sectarian frontline: On the western side of the valley lies a string of villages that are home to members of President Bashar al-Assad's Alawite sect, all fiercely loyal to him and his regime. Facing them on the eastern side of the valley are Sunni villages, now in the hands of rebel fighters who are determined to bring down the fall of Assad and his regime.

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Syrian Rebel With 49 Kills: This Fighting Is Not Natural, My Country Is Ruined

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syriaThe Syrian rebel fighter says he has racked up 49 enemy kills so far – nearly half of them government army snipers, the rest pro-regime shabiha militiamen and ordinary soldiers. 

But the words “hope,” “victory,” and “progress” left the vocabulary of Abu Omar long ago. 

“I’m not happy to kill. It’s not natural,” says the former Syrian special forces fighter who defected to the rebels last year and is now fighting in northern Syria. The Christian Science Monitor first met Abu Omar on the front line last July, as a government assault began on the rebel-held enclave of Salaheddin in Aleppo.

“All during my life, I did not kill people,” says Abu Omar. “But if I don’t, [pro-regime forces] will kill more women and children. We need to stop them.”

Abu Omar has indeed done his share of “stopping” them, and his rebel Free Syrian Army (FSA) – along with a number of anti-regime Islamist fighting groups, who are sometimes& all at odds among themselves – have made substantial territorial gains in the past year.

But Abu Omar is tired. He yearns for a better, more peaceful life and complains that abandonment by the US and Europe and lack of significant military support has turned Syria into a wasteland of destruction and hatred that has little future. Last month, Syria’s vicious civil war entered its third year, with well over 70,000 dead and no end in sight.

“It’s terrible, there are a lot of places destroyed: Aleppo, Homs, Hama, Deraa…we don’t know what we will do after the revolution, after so many people have died, so many children have died,” says Abu Omar.

“All the world, it wants Syria destroyed. It’s a perfect position for all the world,” says Abu Omar.

Yesterday five United Nations agencies warned of an “insufficient sense of urgency among the governments and parties that could put a stop to the cruelty and carnage in Syria," in an uncommon joint statement. 

The chiefs of UN humanitarian efforts, the World Food Programme, and the UN’s refugee, child, and health agencies spoke, “in the name of all those who have so suffered, and the many more whose futures hang in the balance: Enough! Summon and use your influence, now, to save the Syrian people and save the region from disaster.”

No Longer Dreaming Of Paradise

Abu Omar says that on the ground, the despair is palpable. The fight has turned into a war of attrition between the large and largely intact Syrian armed forces against the far less well-armed rebels. Government bombing, artillery, and even Scud missile attacks have laid waste to entire towns and portions of major cities. Much military hardware captured by the rebels is unusable junk. Accusations of abuse of civilians by rebels have also been documented. 

It’s a far cry from the relative hope that still prevailed earlier last year, when Abu Omar first defected from his special forces unit to protest orders to fire on anti-regime protesters.

“They gave us orders to kill the people who don’t have a gun, but who just went out of their homes and shouted ‘freedom,’” Abu Omar told the Monitor in Aleppo last July. “There were girls and little boys killed. I was just shooting in the sky. If we don’t shoot, they take us to jail, or kill us there.”

Abu Omar then joined the FSA as rebels repulsed that first July 2012 government assault on the rebel-held enclave in Aleppo. That attack initiated a battle that has ground on, destroying much of Syria’s northern economic hub city.

Abu Omar had recounted one of his first kills, of a government soldier hiding between stones who kept firing, despite rebel calls to surrender and stay alive. “I didn’t want to shoot him,” Abu Omar said at the time. “But he still kept shooting, so I shot him and he went down.” 

Despite the evident imbalance of forces, and limited rebel gains back then, Abu Omar felt the rebel forces were on a just mission that would end in victory and the fall of President Bashar al-Assad, sooner rather than later.

“If someone from the Free Army dies, we don’t get sad,” Abu Omar said last July. “For sure they are in Paradise.”

'I Need That Sniper Rifle To See Who I Kill'

Yet despite that optimism, even as rebels received some fresh-from-the-box light weaponry for that Aleppo fight – rifles and ammunition, rocket-propelled grenades, and heavier machine guns ­– Abu Omar echoed FSA commanders, when he pleaded for “weapons, more weapons, from any country.”

That plea has remained constant, as rebel forces of all stripes have called for more sophisticated arms; especially anti-aircraft weaponry that might help prevent Syrian planes and helicopters from dropping bombs unchallenged.

Washington and other Western capitals – while reportedly assisting in supplying light weapons to rebels organized by Qatar and Saudi Arabia, sent via Turkey and Jordan– are afraid such arms might fall into the hands of Islamists.

“They are thinking about sending weapons, but they send nothing,” says Abu Omar of Western promises of support. “100,000 die in Syria and for what, for lack of weapons?”

Abu Omar says a high quality sniper rifle would “inspire” him to stick with the fight, though neither side has the .50-caliber models he wants – the British AS50, or the American-made M107.

“I have asked 1,000 times, but they don’t bring it,” says Abu Omar. “It’s a disaster. I’m only one person, if I leave or not does not make a difference. But if they bring [one of these] sniper rifles, I will make a difference.

“I need that sniper rifle to see who I kill, to see if it is an officer or an ordinary soldier,” says Abu Omar. “If I kill the commanders of [government] units, it will make a big difference.”

Only then, with more and better weapons, will the rebels finish Mr. Assad and “end this situation,” adds Abu Omar. “Let God end this soon.”

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Senior Israeli Official Says Assad Has Used Chemical Weapons In Syria

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netanyahu hagel israelIsraeli military official says Assad has used chemical arms in civil war

TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — A senior Israeli military intelligence official said on Tuesday that Syrian President Bashar Assad used chemical weapons last month in his battle against insurgent groups. It was the first time that Israel has accused the embattled Syrian leader of using his stockpile of nonconventional weapons.

The assessment could raise pressure on the U.S. and other Western countries to intervene in the Syrian conflict. Britain and France recently announced that they had evidence that Assad's government had used chemical weapons. Although the U.S. says it has not been able to verify these claims, President Barack Obama has warned that the introduction of chemical weapons by Assad would be a "game changer."

Israel, which borders southwestern Syria, has been warily watching the Syrian civil war since the fighting erupted there in March 2011. Although Assad is a bitter enemy, Israel has been careful not to take sides, partly because the Assad family has kept the border with Israel quiet for the past 40 years and partly because of fears of what would happen if he is toppled.

Israeli officials are especially concerned that Assad's stockpile of chemical weapons and other advanced arms could reach the hands of Assad's ally, the Hezbollah guerrilla group in Lebanon, or Islamic extremist groups trying to oust him. The concern is that if Assad is overthrown, any of these groups could turn his sophisticated arsenal against Israel.

In his assessment, Brig. Gen. Itai Brun, the head of research and analysis in Israeli military intelligence, told a security conference in Tel Aviv that Assad has used chemical weapons multiple times. Among the incidents were attacks documented by the French and British near Damascus last month.

"To the best of our professional understanding, the regime used lethal chemical weapons against the militants in a series of incidents over the past months, including the relatively famous incident of March 19," he said. "Shrunken pupils, foaming at the mouth and other signs indicate, in our view, that lethal chemical weapons were used."

He said sarin, a lethal nerve agent, was probably used. He also said the Syrian regime was using less lethal chemical weapons, and that Russia has continued to arm the Syrian military with weapons such as advanced SA-17 air defense missiles.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on Monday repeated that Israel has the right "to defend itself" against any threat. He spoke at a meeting with visiting U.S. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel.

At a meeting with Hagel on Monday, Israel's defense minister, Moshe Yaalon, laid out a number of "clear red lines" to Syria that could trigger an Israeli response. Among them were transferring sophisticated weapons to Hezbollah and other "rogue elements" in Syria, cross-border attacks into Israel or "rogue elements" getting hold of Syrian chemical weapons.

The Israeli military has fired at targets inside Syria on several occasions in response to gunfire or mortar shells landing in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights. Israel has all but admitted that it carried out an airstrike in Syria in January that destroyed a shipment of anti-aircraft missiles believed to be headed to Hezbollah.

"We proved it. When they crossed these red lines, we operated, we acted," Yaalon said.

SEE ALSO: The West Has 'Hard Evidence' That Assad Used Chemical Weapons In Syria

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It's Getting Hard To Ignore The Atrocities In Syria

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Assad

Fighting in Syria has been relentless for more than two years. During this time as many as 120,000 people have been killed, including many women, children, and other civilians who wanted nothing to do with any sort of fighting.

It's news that's gone on for so long, with so little response, that it's become easier to glaze over each new atrocity than to pay attention to any of them.

Monday's tally of up to 500 dead is the largest single day total of the entire war, and it should also be the one incident that makes everyone stop and ask what we can do to help these people. Opposition leaders confirm 109 dead with up to 400 more suspected fatalities as the body count continues to climb.

Nearly five days ago, Assad's forces surrounded a small suburb west of his Damascus stronghold, where some rebels had taken refuge among civilians. His forces shut off all power and water before shelling the town with artillery and sending in loyalist forces to do what they would, according to the Washington Post.

Amid the shooting and the mayhem, Assad's troops took time to loot stores and systematically execute the few opposition members who found medical care in the makeshift hospital, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR), a UK-based activist group. Once the town was fully in their grasp, Assad's forces allegedly paraded dead bodies on open trucks through the western part of the capital.

The massacre took place in a working class suburb called Jdeidet al-Fadel that has the misfortune of sitting beneath the hilltop base of Assad's elite sect of Alawite forces.

Assad's family belongs to the Alawite sect, along with just about 12 percent of Syria's 3 million citizens. A small number of people who've ruled the country for 50 years and will not let go of power until someone takes it from them.

Perhaps the time is coming when we'll see who that might be.

The U.S. has 200 troops en route to the Syrian border in Jordan, and could bump that number up to 20,000 if it decides to intervene. It's the first official American move toward direct Syrian involvement.

With Israel's Tuesday announcement that Assad is increasing his use of nerve gas on the rebels, there's no doubt officials there are increasingly concerned at what may become of Syria's massive chemical stockpiles. 

It's a concern that has prompted Israel to ask for and receive use of Jordanian airspace for its drone operations into Syria.

Armed, but geared for surveillance, the UAV's could be a genuine asset should the world finally decide to intervene in a long and bloody conflict most people just want to ignore.

SEE ALSO: Assad's Killing Of Syrian Civilians Has Reached Barbaric Proportions

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WHITE HOUSE: There Is Evidence Syria Has Used Chemical Weapons

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Chuck Hagel

U.S. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel said Thursday that the Obama administration has evidence "to some degree of varying confidence" that Syria has used chemical weapons. The White House confirmed their suspected use in a letter to U.S. Sens. John McCain (R-Ariz.) and Carl Levin (D-Mich.).

President Barack Obama has previously warned Syria against crossing a "red line" on chemical weapons, saying it would be a "game-changer" toward his military approach to the conflict.

"It violates every convention of warfare," Hagel said.

It's unclear what the international response will be, as the West has become increasingly concerned about the increasing power of al-Qaeda-linked Syrian rebels. Hagel said that the "red line" issue is a "policy question."

Hagel said that there was evidence the Assad regime had used sarin gasProduction and stockpiling of sarin was outlawed under the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993.

In the letter to McCain and Levin, the White House said it has evidence of the weapons' use on a "small scale."

Earlier this month, Western diplomats said they had "hard evidence" chemical weapons had been used at least once by the Syrian army. Britain and France submitted information to the UN about allegations of chemical weapon use in the cities of Homs last December and Damascus last month.

On Dec. 23 ,there were multiple reports the Homs attack, and doctors belonging to Syrian American Medical Society (SAMS) subsequently corroborated the claims when they described a "probable" use of what chemical specialists refer to as Agent-15 (known as BZ to NATO).

This is the first time the White House has confirmed their use.

Here's the full letter the Obama administration sent to Sens. McCain and Levin:

Letter from President Barack Obama to John McCain on Syria chemical weapons

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Assad Thinks He's Winning The Syrian War — And He May Be Right

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assad syria

Last week Syrian President Bashar al-Assadsaid that his regime has "no choice but victory."

A fierce counteroffensive by his troops — including what appears to be the local deployment of chemical weapons— reflects that mindset.

On Wednesday Syrian tanks and soldiers overran a strategic town east of Damascus that for months has served as a critical supply route for arms funneled from Jordan.

"The disaster has struck, the army entered Otaiba,"a fighter from the town told Reuters via Skype"The regime has managed to turn off the weapons tap."

Rebels pulled out of Otaiba after more than five weeks of fighting, during which they accused the government of using chemical weapons against them on March 19 and April 9.

On April 12, Western diplomats toldAgence-France Press they had"hard evidence" that chemical weapons have been used by the Syrian army. On April 25, U.S. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel said that the White House has evidence of chemical weapons use.

A U.S. intelligence source told Wired's Danger Room that blood samples from multiple people have tested positive for the nerve agent sarin.

While Assad has bombed rebel-held areas since July, AFP reports that the regime is now focused on taking back key roads near cities and preventing rebel fighters from pushing closer to Damascus.

That plan has been bolstered by support from Syrian allies, in the form of weapons and guerrilla tactics training from Iran, continued military and financial support from Russia, and an influx of Hezbollah fighters.

"Now the operations are well-planned and the objectives are precise," Rami Abdel, director of the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, told AFP."This is because Iranian officers are on the ground, leading operations, while new Iranian weapons conceived for this kind of battle are flowing in."

syria

The recent counteroffensive has both stemmed rebel momentum in the south and led to state gains in the north and major cities in the country's west, which link the capital to Assad's coastal stronghold.

Otaiba is pivotal as it servesa gateway from Syria's south into the eastern rural suburbs of Damascus known as al-Ghouta.

"Now all the villages will start falling one after another, the battle in Eastern Ghouta will be a war of attrition," a rebel fighter in the area told Reuters via Skype.

Assad's previous strategy shift, to rely on air superiority and wait for the opposition to fracture, continues as towns are bombed and distress calls from rebels in Otaiba go unanswered by rival rebel units.

"To all mujahedeen (holy warriors): If Otaiba falls, the whole of Eastern Ghouta will fall ... come and help,"part of the message sent to fighters said.

While Assad's decisions to bomb civilians and use chemical weapons raises the possibility of international intervention, the West has been hesitant to do so for obvious military reasons as well as the specter of al-Qaeda-linked Syrian rebels filling the vacuum if Assad falls.

SEE ALSO: WHITE HOUSE: There Is Evidence Syria Has Used Chemical Weapons

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