Syrian President Bashar Assad's regime negotiated deals with the Islamic State's oil tycoon that at one point contributed up to 72% of the militant group's profit from natural resources, The Wall Street Journal reported this past weekend.
That is according to documents uncovered during a raid on the home of Abu Sayyaf, the Islamic State "oil minister" who was killed by US Special Forces at his compound in Syria's Deir Ezzour province in May.
Abu Sayyaf's division, which had successfully negotiated agreements with the Assad regime to allow Islamic State trucks and pipelines to move from regime-controlled fields through territory controlled by the Islamic State, also known as ISIS, ISIL, or Daesh, helped the jihadists bring in roughly $40 million a month in oil sales alone, according to documents seen by The Journal.
Though Sayyaf was killed, his oil infrastructure remains largely intact. ISIS still controls the majority of Syria's oil fields, and the group continues to bring in roughly $1 million a day from oil sales, according to the Financial Times.
The Assad regime's oil ties to the Islamic State have been well documented. At least two Syrian government officials, including a Russian-Syrian businessman named George Haswani, were sanctioned by the US last year for serving as middlemen between Assad and ISIS for oil deals.
The Daily Beast reported in December, meanwhile, that ISIS delivers both oil and natural gas to the regime. The report said the resources were transported via "midstream" service providers who move the resources from ISIS territory to government territory for profit.
"In exchange for gas, the regime provides utilities like electricity, which ISIS taxes accordingly," wrote Matthew Reed, the vice president of Foreign Reports Inc., a Washington, D.C.-
"At natural gas fields like those around Palmyra, which produce lighter liquid hydrocarbons in addition to gas, ISIS takes whatever it can turn into fuel," he continued. "The gas goes west to Assad."
Documents obtained in the raid on Sayyaf's compound corroborated those details.
One document, identified as Memo No. 156 and dated February 11, 2015, said agreements allowing trucks and pipeline transit from regime-controlled oil fields through ISIS-controlled territory were already in place.
The documents also confirmed previous estimates as to how lucrative the deals were. A senior US treasury official estimated in December that ISIS has made more than $500 million trading oil with the Assad regime, which amounts to roughly $40 million a month.
ISIS' oil ties to governments did not begin and end with Assad, however. Last July, The Guardian's Martin Chulov reported that separate documents uncovered in the Sayyaf raid linked Turkish officials to ISIS as well.
Flash drives seized during the raid reportedly revealed links "so clear" and "undeniable" between Turkey and ISIS "that they could end up having profound policy implications for the relationship between us and Ankara," a senior Western official familiar with the intelligence told The Guardian at the time.
Ankara, long accused by experts, Kurds, and even Vice President Joe Biden of enabling ISIS by turning a blind eye to the vast smuggling networks of weapons and fighters during the ongoing Syrian war, has vehemently denied participating in any kind of illicit oil trade with the militant group.
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